Q 8. What were the basis of subsistence in Harappa civilization?


The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, was an urban society that flourished in the northwest region of the Indian subcontinent from approximately 3000 BCE to 1750 BCE. The basis of subsistence for the Harappan people was agriculture, with some trade and commerce also playing a role in their economy.

The Harappan people cultivated a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, and rice, as well as various fruits and vegetables. Evidence suggests that they practiced irrigation to support their agricultural activities, with canals and wells found throughout their cities.

In addition to agriculture, the Harappan people engaged in trade and commerce, with evidence of long-distance trade with other regions, such as Mesopotamia and Central Asia. They traded in various goods, including raw materials such as copper, gold, and silver, as well as finished products such as pottery, beads, and textiles.

Livestock also played a role in Harappan subsistence, with evidence of domesticated animals such as cattle, goats, and sheep. Fishing and hunting may have also been part of their subsistence strategies, although the extent to which they relied on these activities is not clear.

Overall, the Harappan civilization's subsistence was based primarily on agriculture, supplemented by trade, commerce, and animal husbandry. The diversity of their economy and the sophistication of their agricultural techniques were critical to their success and the development of their urban civilization.

Answer 2:

The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, had a diverse agricultural economy that supported their society. The basis of subsistence in Harappa civilization was primarily agriculture, but it was supplemented by fishing, hunting, and trade.

Agriculture was the primary means of subsistence, and the Harappans were skilled farmers who developed sophisticated irrigation systems to support their crops. They cultivated a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, peas, sesame, and cotton. They also domesticated animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and water buffalo.

Fishing was another important source of food for the Harappans, who lived in proximity to the Indus River and its tributaries. They used nets, traps, and harpoons to catch fish, which they likely consumed fresh or preserved through drying or smoking.

Hunting and gathering also played a role in the Harappan subsistence economy. They hunted wild animals, such as deer, antelope, and wild boar, and gathered wild fruits and nuts.

Trade was another important component of the Harappan economy, and they traded with other regions of the Indian subcontinent, as well as with Mesopotamia and Central Asia. They traded goods such as cotton, pottery, beads, and ivory, and it is believed that they had a sophisticated system of weights and measures to facilitate trade.

Overall, the Harappan civilization had a diverse agricultural economy, supplemented by fishing, hunting, and trade. This allowed them to support a large and complex society with a thriving urban culture.

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