Q 16. What are the major changes took place in Neolithic Age? what are the driving factors behind these changes.

The Neolithic Age, also known as the New Stone Age, was a period of significant cultural and technological advancement that occurred roughly between 10,000 BCE and 4,500 BCE. During this period, several significant changes took place, including:

Transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture: One of the most significant changes in the Neolithic Age was the shift from a nomadic, hunting-gathering lifestyle to a settled, agriculture-based lifestyle. People began to cultivate crops such as wheat, barley, and lentils and domesticate animals such as sheep, goats, and cows.

Emergence of permanent settlements: With the development of agriculture, people were able to settle down in one place and establish permanent settlements. These settlements grew into towns and cities, leading to the development of complex societies.

Development of new technologies: The Neolithic Age saw the development of several new technologies, such as pottery, weaving, and the use of metals such as copper and bronze.

Growth of trade and commerce: As societies became more complex and developed, trade and commerce also grew. People began to exchange goods and services over long distances, leading to the growth of networks of exchange.

The driving factors behind these changes are varied and complex. One factor was likely environmental change, such as the end of the last Ice Age and the resulting changes in climate and vegetation. These changes may have forced people to adapt to new environments and develop new strategies for survival.

Another factor was likely population growth. As the human population increased, the need for resources also grew, leading people to develop more efficient ways of obtaining and producing food.

Overall, the changes that took place in the Neolithic Age were driven by a combination of environmental, technological, and social factors, all of which worked together to create a period of significant cultural and societal advancement. 

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